Saturday, May 9, 2020

WhatsApp's lunch the new feature Messenger Room spotted on destop version

  • h messenger room service is being tested with the Whatsapp web version.
  • This functionality is still unavailable since the instant messing application.
Facebook already launched the Facebook messenger chat room services with its associate application messengers. This function is started a few months ago. It actually good feedback to Facebook. in lockdown periods there are the high demand for video calling application.in that purpose the Facebookfacebook launched it to get more engagement in that Facebook associate application messenger. it works best .and there was some fix problem to calling still Facebook fix this problem . and do best then Facebook decided to apply same things in their propeller application WhatsApp. cuz there are 5B+ users. if it used properly facebook gets huge revenue which helps them for financial support. that's why they build the chat room. 
the reports clamins that to have spotted a shortcut on whatsapp web for messenger rooms.the option was first shown in the attachment tab.if the user want to creat a room from whatsapp ,the app  will ask to confirm if the want to go to messenger to creat the room.according to whatsapp beta info, the feature is available on whatsapp web version  2.2019.6.

by using messenger rooms people who want to host a video conference will be able to do so by creating a room right from messengeror facebook and then invite anyone t join through links.

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

What is the content marketing??

Usefu content marketing is best weapons of this market.


Traditional market is becoming the less nad less effective by the minute.


Content marketing is the stagic Marketing approach focused on creating and distributing valuable relevant and consistent content to the attract and retain a clearly define audience and ultimately to drive profitable customer action.
 It helps to get relevant customer through the content.


Content Marketing Leading Brands:

There are different brands, which are basically used to branding their products through the content. In fact it is used by many prominent organization in the world including P&G , Microsoft, Cisco systems,and Jhon Deeve. Content marketing is one of the latest weapons to reach among the people.


2. Content marketing is good for your bottom line -------& your customers:

Basit there are three major reason to do it . It helps to get the benefits.
  • Increase sale
  • Cost savings
  • Benifit customer who have more loyality
3. Content is present and future of the market:

Go back and read the content one or more times if you want to read. and that's why is valuable. That's the difference between content marketing and other informational garbage . You get more companies trying to sell you "stuff". That's why it makes content marketing is so relavent.

Saturday, March 30, 2019

ABOUT GATE EXAMINTION

gate exmination
gate examination
                                                         




                                               

GATE Exam

the gate is all India level examination. the full form of the examination is the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering. it is a fully computer-based examination. it tests conducted at the national level in India with an aim to examine the understanding of various engineering and science undergraduate subjects.GATE exam is conducted by the following institutes on behalf of National Coordination Board-GATE -
  • IISc (Indian Institute of Science)
  • IIT Roorkee, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Bombay
GATE exam consists of 65 multiple choice and numerical questions over a 3-hour duration. GATE Score is valid for a period of 3 years. know more about GATE exam pattern.

Benefits of GATE Exam (Why GATE?)

GATE score enables students to gain admission to various prestigious PG programs in IITs and IISc such as -
  • ME (Master of Engineering)
  • MTech (Master of Technology)
  • Doctor of Philosophy
Students also get direct interview calls for prestigious PSU jobs in India whose starting salary is sometimes as high as 14.9L (example, Power Grid).



https://amzn.to/2UngeHJ
GATE score can also be used in the following prestigious programs -
  1. Admission in reputed foreign universities with good scholarships such as
    1. Aachen University (Germany) - best known for mechanical and automobile engineering
    2. Technical University of Munich (Germany)
    3. National University of Singapore
    4. Nanyang Technical University (Singapore)
  2. Fellowship programs in IIMs (equivalent to Ph.D.) with a stipend ranging from Rs. 35,000 to 40,000 per month along with a one time grant of Rs. 1,00,000 to 2,00,000 specialization in
    1. Behavioral Sciences
    2. Economics
    3. Finance and Control
    4. Management Information Systems
    5. Marketing
    6. Human Resource Management
    7. Operations Management
    8. Public Policy and Management
    9. Strategic Management
  3. Admission to NITIE, Mumbai - best known for Industrial Engineering, Manufacturing Management, Project Management. In 2018, the average salary of graduates from this prestigious institute was 19.2L.

GATE Eligibility

The following students are eligible to take the GATE exam -
  • Bachelor’s degree students in Final Year of Engineering / Technology / Architecture (4-year program after 10+2) programs
  • Master’s degree students Final Year in any branch of Science / Mathematics / Statistics / Computer Applications or equivalent
Pre-final year students are not eligible to appear in GATE exam. There is no age limit for students eligible to appear in GATE exam.

Eligibility Criteria for GATE  (No age limit)

Qualifying DegreeQualifying Degree / ExaminationDescription of Eligible CandidatesYear of Qualification
not later than
B.E./ B.Tech./ B.Pharm.Bachelor’s degree holders in Engineering/Technology (4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after B.Sc./Diploma in Engineering /Technology)Currently in the final year or already completed2019
B. Arch.Bachelor’s degree holders of Architecture (5 years course)Currently in the final year or already completed2019
B.Sc. (Research)/ B.S.Bachelor’s degree in Science (Post-Diploma/4 years after 10+2)Currently in the 4th year or already completed2019
Pharm. D. (after 10+2)6 years program, consisting of internship or residency training during the sixth yearCurrently in the 4th/ 5th/6th year or already completed2021
M. Sc./ M.A./MCA or equivalentMaster’s degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics/Statistics/Computer Applications or equivalentCurrently in the final year or already completed2019
Int. M.E./ M.Tech. (Post-B.Sc.)Post-BSc Integrated Master’s degree programs in Engineering/Technology (4 years program)Currently in the 2nd/ 3rd/4th year or already completed2021
Int. M.E./ M.Tech. or Dual Degree(after Diploma or 10+2)Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Degree program in Engineering/Technology (5 years program)Currently in the 4th/5th year or already completed2020
Int. M.Sc./ Int. B.S.-M.S.Integrated M.Sc. or 5 years integrated B.S.-M.S. programCurrently in the final year or already completed2019
Professional Society Examinations
(equivalent to B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch.)
B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch. equivalent examinations of Professional Societies, recognized by MHRD/UPSC/AICTE (e.g., AMIE by Institution of Engineers-India, AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers-India and so on)Completed Section A or equivalent of such professional coursesNA
* Some of these Professional Societies / Institutions, which conduct examination in various fields of engineering, are as follows.
  1. The Institution of Engineers (India) (IE)
  2. The Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE)
  3. The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE)
  4. The Aeronautical Society of India (ASI)
  5. The Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers, including Polymer and Environmental Group (IChemE)
  6. The Indian Institute of Metals (IIM)
  7. The Indian Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)
However, the candidates who possess certification from any of the professional societies must ensure that those examinations conducted by the societies are approved by MHRD/AICTE as equivalent to B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch, subject to public notice (Advt No.P& AP/10(04)/2017)




Aerospace EngineeringAE
Agricultural EngineeringAG
Architecture and PlanningAR
BiotechnologyBT
Chemical EngineeringCH
ChemistryCY
Ecology and EvolutionEY
Geology and GeophysicsGG
MathematicsMA
Mining EngineeringMN
Metallurgical EngineeringMT
Petroleum EngineeringPE
Production and Industrial EngineeringPI
Textile Engineering and Fiber ScienceTF
Engineering SciencesXE
Life SciencesXL
        .http://gate.iitm.ac.in/

Friday, September 21, 2018

Everything You Need to Know about Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

Everything You Need to Know about Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

 

What is JVM?

JVM or Java Virtual Machine is an abstract platform-dependent virtual machinewhich provides runtime environment in which java byte code can be well-executed. It is available for various hardware and software platforms and has a major role in carrying out modern day innovations.

Function of JVM

As discussed above it involves processes running on a machine, something similar to a server, which represents and controls the resource usage for a Java application. It, thus, basically performs 2 primordial functions – one, it works on the principle of “Write Once, Run Anywhere”, enabling the users to execute Java development programs on nearly all devices and/or operating systems, and second, it optimizes and manages the program memory via process known as Garbage Collection.
Besides, JVM also does tasks like loading the code, verifying it, executing itand providing a suitable runtime environment to work efficiently. Not only this, it also provides several definitions for different domains like class file format, register set, memory area, garbage-collected heap, fatal error reporting etc..

What is Garbage Collection?

It is a major process running within a JVM which involves continuous identification and removal of the memory which is currently not being put to use in a Java program and/or application.

Architecture of JVM

It consists of various technically associated domains like:-
1. Classloader
Classloader is a sub part of JVM being used to load the class files. Whenever a java program is run, it is first loaded by the classloader and then accordingly executed. There are primarily three built-in internal classloaders in Java. However, others can also be created on the same lines. The 3 in-built classloaders include:-
  1. Bootstrap ClassLoader It is the first classloader which is a super class of the Extension classloader works to loads the jarfiles, containing all class files of Java Standard Edition like java.net package classes, java.io package classes, java.util package classes, java.sql package classes, java.lang package classes etc…
  2. Extension ClassLoader: This is a child classloader of the above mentioned and the parent classloader of the System classloader. It is responsible for loading the jar files located within $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
  3. System/Application ClassLoader: It is the child classloader of the aboveand deals with loading the classfiles from classpath.
2. Class(Method) Area:
Class (Method) Area stores per-class structures such as the field and method data, the runtime constant pool, the code for methods etc..



3. Heap

It refers to the runtime data area where allocation of objects takes place.

4. Stack

Storing of frames take place Java Stack. It holds local variables and partial results, husplaying an important part in the process of method invocation and return. Every thread has a private JVM stack which is created simultaneously along with the thread.
*A new frame is developed each time a method is invoked and is destroyed when the process of method invocation finishes.

5. Program Counter Register (PC)

PC (program counter) register has the address of the JVM instruction being executed currently.

6. Native Method Stack

It comprises of all the native methods being used in a program and/or an application.

7. Execution Engine

It includes:
  1. A virtual processor
  2. Interpreter: Executes the instructions reading the byte code stream.
  3. Just-In-Time(JIT) compiler: It is used as a tool to enhance the performance of a JVM is responsible for compiling the parts of the byte code that havesimilar functionalities at the same time, hence reducing the time required for the completion of the compilation process.

8. Java Native Interface

Java Native Interface (JNI) is a framework providing a communication interface such that it can communicate with other application other languages like C, C++, Assembly etc. It is thus, also used to send output to the Console or interact with the OS libraries.

Working of a JVM –Stages and/or Processes Involved

A JVM involves three stages –
  1. Loading
It refers to the cation of loading a/the file on the memory using the classloaders and then representing it in the heap memory.
  1. Linking
It is a 3 fold process, involving –
a. Verification: Ensures the correctness of .classfile, checking whether the file is formatted properly and whether or not is generated by a valid compiler.
If verification fails, a run-time exception java.lang.VerifyError is given.
b. Preparation: Allocates memory for class variables and initializes it to the default values.
c. Resolution: Replaces symbolic references with direct references, by searching into the method area so as to locate the entity being referred to.
        3. Initialization
Under this process, all the static variables are assigned their respective values as defined in the code and/or static blocks (if any), which is executed from top to bottom in a class and from parent to child in the class hierarchy.
Thus JVM should be a part of any java development company and its a new ray of hope for improved technical innovations, something which is not only friendly to all platforms but also is convent and user-friendly

Thursday, September 20, 2018

Fashion design


Fashion design is the applied art devoted to the designing of clothing and lifestyle accessories. This art is influenced by cultural and social attitudes and has evolved over time and place. Fashion designing has come a long way from the designer clothes worn by the royalty of the ancient world to the haute couture products of the present.

Fashion designing is one of the most lucrative, appealing, glamorous and exciting career options in today's world. If you have a penchant for creativity, style and originality, a career in fashion designing is the one tailor made for you. On one hand, the fashion industry satisfies both the creative fancies and the materialistic needs of the people. On the other hand, it promises glamour, fame, success and a high pay package to the talented people.

However, it is also a demanding career, as fashion designers need to combine their creativity with managerial skills to sustain in this industry. Thus, if you can create magic with colours, shapes and designs, then just obtain a professional course to begin a successful career in the alluring world of fashion designing.

Step-by-Step


To start a career as a fashion designer, two types of qualifications are required, that is, natural and acquired.

Natural: this skill set would comprise of a decent aesthetic sense, colour expertise, good taste and sense of trends and fashion. An eye for detail, knowledge of fabrics and so on is a big plus for those serious about a career as a fashion designer.

Acquired skills would be a qualification from a decent, recognized fashion Institute. You can enrol for either a full-time course or a part time certificate course. Students usually take these up after their 10+2 level. Not that the courses are not available for graduates or people with higher qualification. There are several short-term certificate courses that are offered by the same fashion institutes for super specialization, on part-time basis. These courses equip you with technical and creative thinking skills.

Start Early


The word ‘fashion’ immediately conjures up images of glitz and glamour. The onset of the International fashion market in India has given an impetus to the fashion industry which has emerged as the booming industry and a career as a fashion designer is like a pot of gold. So, many young people who are attracted by these attributes decide to foray into the fashion industry.

While the academic requirements are not very high, you need considerable aptitude and talent to be labelled “designer” material. You must be highly creative to combine colours, shades and textures and express your ideas through sketches.

Your race for admission into a reputed fashion school will begin straight after school. Subjects like drawing, painting, home science and computer graphics will develop your creativity.

By the time you finish the course you will have mastered the step-by-step making of a garment: from designing to pattern making, production and even marketing.

Is it the right career for me?


A career in fashion designing is right for you if you are talented and exude style in everything you do. You must also possess the ability be original and creative and love to make people look good.
Further, you must be creative enough to combine colours, shades and textures and express your ideas through sketches. You must also visualise new design, patters, garments and accessories and enjoy working with fabrics and accessories.

If you have all this and more in you then you are all, set to step into the arena of fashion designing.

What would it Cost Me?


The fee structure varies from institution to institution. However, on an average you will have to dish out more than Rs. 45,000 per annum to complete a course in Fashion Designing from a reputed institution.

Funding/Scholarship


Some fashion academies extend merit based scholarships.  These scholarships usually waive off payment of tuition fee only. These waivers continue in the subsequent year(s) on the condition that the awardees academic performance meets the prescribed standards of achievement.

The criterion of these scholarship programmes is based on the annual income of the eligible student’s parental annual income. There are a few scholarships sponsored by reputed companies for meritorious and financially deserving students. Scholarship awardees also get educational loan facility to cover other payable fee and expenses.

Job Prospect


In India, the fashion industry has just begun to come of age, as it is still in its fledgling stage. This industry offers plenty of opportunities for talented hard working and enthusiastic people. Prospects for fashion design graduates are pretty good thanks to the huge and still growing demand for “designer wear” and the equally outsized quantity of exports.

After successful completion of the course, you can remain self employed. Alternatively, several export houses, garment store chains, textile mills, leather companies, boutiques, fashion show organizers, jewellery houses and media houses recruit professionals interested in a career in fashion designing.

Pay Packet


The Starting monthly package can be around Rs.10, 000 to Rs.15, 000. With experience, you will acquire maturity in designing skills and a few years down the line your salary would be in the range of Rs.30, 000 to Rs.40, 000 per month. Of course, if you become a reputed designer you could demand the world.

Great fashion designers salary always shows an upward moving trend. However, hard work and a conscious effort to update the latest trends in the fashion industry are imperative.

Demand and Supply


Economically India is progressing rapidly today with even better future prospects. Therefore, the country is today witnessing rapid growth in many sectors which includes the fashion industry.

Indian fashion is gaining a lot of popularity abroad because of cheap labour and excellent craftsmanship. Many top Indian designers are now catering to this growing international demand for quality fashion products and accessories. In addition, for the demand for Indian garments, designer saris and textiles are also of great demand.

Many individuals choose careers in fashion designing today as there are many areas of work and countless opportunities within this field.

Market Watch


The scope for fashion design jobs in India is immense as Indians have increasingly become more fashion conscious and seek to enhance it in every way. Clothing companies need to hire people in a variety of jobs, ranging from fashion designers, textile designers, models, retailers, buyers and merchandisers, to provide end-to-end solutions to their clients.

According to a recent study, the India’s fashion designing industry aims to grow to Rs.1, 000 crores from the current to Rs.180 crores within the next 5 to 10 years.

International Focus


Better prospectus both in terms of salary and growth of fashion design jobs is enormous and extends beyond India’s markets to international markets too. Indian fashion designers are doing very well in almost all countries and hence the scope has broadened for students of fashion designing. 

Fashion designers such as Ritu Beri, Ritu Kumar, Rohit Bal, Satya Paul and Tarun Tahiliani are known worldwide. Many Institutions provide training to potential fashion designers to expand their talent and become entrepreneurs in the fashion world. The India Fashion Week has become an international fashion event, with buyers from international stores making an appearance to transact business.

With more and more Indians dressing up and focused on looking good, there is an increasing awareness about fashion in India. The Indian fashion industry is booming. The domestic Indian Textile market is worth $25 billion today and growing at an annual rate of 15-20%.

Mega Malls are mushrooming all over. The Retail sector is witnessing a virtual explosion with the Ambanis, Mittals, Birlas and now, the Tatas making a foray in this sector. The fashion market will require thousands of trained professionals in the fields of design, management, communication and technology.

Positives/Negatives


+ives
• The scope of fashion design is such that it’s cut out for success.
• There are some glamorous aspects to this business, you may get to rub shoulders with the rich and famous, but reaching there is absolute hard work.

-ives
• Fashion designers need a lot of experience and hence they have to work as assistant for any reputed fashion design firm in the initial phase.
• You might want to set up your own studio but you will need a lot of money or have to find investors who are ready to invest in your studio.
• Unless you have some hands on experience, it is hard to get investors.

Different roles, different names


As a professional fashion designer, you can work in areas like designer wear production, fashion marketing, planning and concept management. Then there is fashion media, design production management, fashion accessory design, quality control and promotion of brands.

You can also work as a designated costume designer, fashion consultant, personal stylist, technical designer, graphic designer, production pattern maker or a fashion coordinator.

Other roles include: apparel production manager, fabric buyer, fabric quality control manager, show room sales representative, illustrator, cutting assistant and outside sales representative. Those interested in a career in fashion designing can also become entrepreneurs and form their own companies.

Top Companies


1. Fashion houses run by top fashion designers such as: Abu Jani, JJ Valaya, Manish Malhotra, Neeta Lulla, Rina Dhaka, Ritu Beri, Ritu Kumar, Rohit Bal,  Sandeep Khosla, Tarun Tahiliani and so on.

2. Top notch garment and textile export houses

3. Textile and fabric manufacturing units

4. Exclusive and branded fashion showrooms

Tips for getting Hired


1. Make a great portfolio that showcases your creative talents

2. Apprenticeship under a well-known designer is desirable for getting hired in this industry

3. Thoroughly research the market before making a foray into it

4. Do freelancing for fashion houses and boutiques

5. Be creative, exclusive and innovative

6. Don’t be impulsive and impatient

7. Don’t get disheartened by rejections, understand your drawbacks and work on it

8. Start affordable and once you have proved yourself, you can go for the stars

Friday, September 14, 2018

materials engineerings

What is Materials Engineering?

New materials have been among the greatest achievements of every age and they have been central to the growth, prosperity, security, and quality of life of humans since the beginning of history. It is always new materials that open the door to new technologies, whether they are in civil, chemical, construction, nuclear, aeronautical, agricultural, mechanical, biomedical or electrical engineering.
Materials scientists and engineers continue to be at the forefront of all of these and many other areas of science, too. Materials science and engineering influences our lives each time we buy or use a new device, machine, or structure. (You can read more about the impact of this exciting field in our list of suggested readings.) The definition of the academic field of Materials Science & Engineering stems from a realization concerning every application of materials: it is the properties of the material that give it value. A material may be chosen for its strength, its electrical properties, resistance to heat or corrosion, or a host of other reasons; but they all relate to properties.
Experience shows that all of the useful properties of a material are intimately related to its structure, at all levels, including which atoms are present, how the atoms are joined, and how groups of atoms are arranged throughout the material. Most importantly, we learn how this structure, and the resulting properties, are controlled by the processing of the material.
Finally materials must perform their tasks in an economical and societally responsible manner. Understanding the relationships between properties, structure, processing and performance makes the Materials Engineer the master of the engineering universe.

What's in a Name?

We are the School of Materials Engineering, at Purdue.

At most other universities, these days, materials are studied in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, a name that has gradually become standardized since it was first coined at Northwestern University, in the 1960's. The predecessors of all these departments of Materials Science & Engineering, were typically departments of Metallurgy, Metallurgical Engineering, Mining, Ceramics, and so on. And, yes, this was the School of Metallurgical Engineering in 1959 (when it became independent from the School of Chemical Engineering) and adopted its present name in 1973. For more information on the first years of MSE see Chapter 1 of  "A History of the School of Materials Engineering"  by Mysore Dayananda.

So why are we a "School" instead of a "Department?" And why have we no "Science" in our name?

It's partly a matter of tradition, and partly a reflection of our particular style. (Our undergraduate degree is the Bachelor of Engineering in Materials Science and Engineering, and this gives us our familiar three letter campus code or designator "MSE." Even this is sometimes written as "MsE" acknowledging the difference between the School's name and that of the degree.)

School or Department?

Academic units at Purdue may be Schools or Departments. Generally speaking, Schools are larger, more independent and more powerful - something like Colleges on many large university campuses. The right to award degrees is vested only in the Schools. The School of Liberal Arts has Departments such as English and Philosophy, and the School of Science has Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Math and Biology. But the College of Engineering comprises eleven schools, and two departments. We take pride in the title, which reflects a certain independence of style. This is embodied in our unique approach to the teaching of Materials.

Why no Science?

Well, we do teach a lot of science. Campus legend has it that there was once an objection to the already powerful Schools of Engineering venturing into the hallowed field of Science but, in fact, the title reflects our approach to materials - that we study them because of their engineering utility, not their scientific beauty. This is not to say that we are above stopping and smelling the scientific "roses," and much of what we see in our microscopes is, indeed, truly beautiful. We just begin with the question "how could you make that?" and lead up to "why does it work?" rather than going the other way around. The emphasis on Engineering is not in opposition to science, it is just the fundamental reason for doing what we do, and it is appropriately reflected in our name.

Biomedical Engineers

What Biomedical Engineers Do

Biomedical engineers combine engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to design and create equipment, devices, computer systems, and software used in healthcare.

Duties of Biomedical Engineers

Biomedical engineers typically do the following:
  • Design biomedical equipment and devices, such as artificial internal organs, replacements for body parts, and machines for diagnosing medical problems
  • Install, adjust, maintain, repair, or provide technical support for biomedical equipment
  • Evaluate the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of biomedical equipment
  • Train clinicians and other personnel on the proper use of biomedical equipment
  • Research the engineering aspects of the biological systems of humans and animals with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists
  • Prepare procedures, write technical reports, publish research papers, and make recommendations based on their research findings
  • Present research findings to scientists, nonscientist executives, clinicians, hospital management, engineers, other colleagues, and the public
Biomedical engineers design instruments, devices, and software used in healthcare; develop new procedures using knowledge from many technical sources; or conduct research needed to solve clinical problems. They frequently work in research and development or quality assurance.
Biomedical engineers design electrical circuits, software to run medical equipment, or computer simulations to test new drug therapies. In addition, they design and build artificial body parts, such as hip and knee joints. In some cases, they develop the materials needed to make the replacement body parts. They also design rehabilitative exercise equipment.
The work of these engineers spans many professional fields. For example, although their expertise is based in engineering and biology, they often design computer software to run complicated instruments, such as three-dimensional x-ray machines. Alternatively, many of these engineers use their knowledge of chemistry and biology to develop new drug therapies. Others draw heavily on math and statistics to build models to understand the signals transmitted by the brain or heart. Some may be involved in sales.
The following are examples of specialty areas within the field of biomedical engineering:
Bioinstrumentation uses electronics, computer science, and measurement principles to develop instruments used in the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems.
Biomaterials is the study of naturally occurring or laboratory-designed materials that are used in medical devices or as implantation materials.
Biomechanics involves the study of mechanics, such as thermodynamics, to solve biological or medical problems.
Clinical engineering applies medical technology to optimize healthcare delivery.
Rehabilitation engineering is the study of engineering and computer science to develop devices that assist individuals recovering from or adapting to physical and cognitive impairments.
Systems physiology uses engineering tools to understand how systems within living organisms, from bacteria to humans, function and respond to changes in their environment.
Some people with training in biomedical engineering become postsecondary teachers.

Work Environment for Biomedical Engineers

Biomedical engineers hold about 21,300 jobs. The largest employers of biomedical engineers are as follows:
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing 22%
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences 17
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 11
Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private 11
Healthcare and social assistance 10
Biomedical engineers work in teams with scientists, healthcare workers, or other engineers. Where and how they work depends on the project. For example, a biomedical engineer who has developed a new device designed to help a person with a disability to walk again might have to spend hours in a hospital to determine whether the device works as planned. If the engineer finds a way to improve the device, he or she might have to return to the manufacturer to help alter the manufacturing process to improve the design.

Biomedical Engineer Work Schedules

Biomedical engineers usually work full time on a normal schedule. However, as with employees in almost any engineering occupation, biomedical engineers occasionally may have to work additional hours to meet the needs of patients, managers, colleagues, and clients. About 1 in 5 biomedical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

How to Become a Biomedical Engineer

Biomedical engineers typically need a bachelor's degree in biomedical engineering or bioengineering, or in a related engineering field. Some positions may require a graduate degree.

Education for Biomedical Engineers

Biomedical engineering and traditional engineering programs, such as mechanical and electrical, are typically good preparation for entering biomedical engineering jobs. Students who pursue traditional engineering programs at the bachelor's level may benefit from taking biological science courses.
Students interested in becoming biomedical engineers should take high school science courses, such as chemistry, physics, and biology. They should also take math courses, including algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Courses in drafting or mechanical drawing and in computer programming are also useful.
Bachelor's degree programs in biomedical engineering and bioengineering focus on engineering and biological sciences. Programs include laboratory- and classroom-based courses, in subjects such as fluid and solid mechanics, computer programming, circuit design, and biomaterials. Other required courses may include biological sciences, such as physiology.
Accredited programs also include substantial training in engineering design. Many programs include co-ops or internships, often with hospitals and medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, to provide students with practical applications as part of their study. Biomedical engineering and bioengineering programs are accredited by ABET.

Important Qualities for Biomedical Engineers

Analytical skills. Biomedical engineers must analyze the needs of patients and customers to design appropriate solutions.
Communication skills. Because biomedical engineers sometimes work with patients and frequently work on teams, they must express themselves clearly. They must seek others' ideas and incorporate those ideas into the problem-solving process.
Creativity. Biomedical engineers must be creative to come up with innovative and integrative advances in healthcare equipment and devices.
Math skills. Biomedical engineers use the principles of calculus and other advanced topics in math and statistics, for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work.
Problem-solving skills. Biomedical engineers typically deal with and solve problems in complex biological systems.

Advancement for Biomedical Engineers

Biomedical engineers typically receive greater responsibility through experience and more education. To lead a research team, a biomedical engineer generally needs a graduate degree. Biomedical engineers who are interested in basic research may become medical scientists.
Some biomedical engineers attend medical or dental school to specialize in various techniques or topical areas, such as using electric impulses in new ways to get muscles moving again. Some earn law degrees and work as patent attorneys. Others pursue a master's degree in business administration (MBA) and move into managerial positions. For more information, see the profiles on lawyers and architectural and engineering managers.

Biomedical Engineer Salaries

The median annual wage for biomedical engineers is $85,620. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $51,050, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $134,620.
The median annual wages for biomedical engineers in the top industries in which they work are as follows:
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences $94,800
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing 90,180
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing 86,860
Healthcare and social assistance 75,080
Colleges, universities, and professional schools; state, local, and private 58,020
Biomedical engineers usually work full time on a normal schedule. However, as with employees in almost any engineering occupation, biomedical engineers occasionally may have to work additional hours to meet the needs of patients, managers, colleagues, and clients. About 1 in 5 biomedical engineers work more than 40 hours per week.

Job Outlook for Biomedical Engineers

Employment of biomedical engineers is projected to grow 7 percent over the next ten years, about as fast as the average for all occupations.
Biomedical engineers likely will see employment growth because of increasing possibilities brought by new technologies and increasing applications to medical equipment and devices. Smartphone technology and three-dimensional printing are examples of technology being applied to biomedical advances.
As the aging baby-boom generation lives longer and stays active, the demand for biomedical devices and procedures, such as hip and knee replacements, is expected to increase. In addition, as the public continues to become more aware of medical advances, increasing numbers of people will seek biomedical solutions to their health problems from their physicians.
Biomedical engineers work with scientists, other medical researchers, and manufacturers to address a wide range of injuries and physical disabilities. Their ability to work in different activities with workers from other fields is enlarging the range of applications for biomedical engineering products and services.
Employment projections data for Biomedical Engineers, 2016-26
Occupational Title Employment, 2016 Projected Employment, 2026 Change, 2016-26
Percent Numeric
Biomedical engineers 21,300 22,800 7 1,500


*Some content used by permission of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.



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